Multiple Foci in Japanese Clefts and the Growth of Semantic Representation

Abstract

There are two types of Japanese clefts, depending on the presence of 
a case particle attached to a focus; multiple foci are possible only in clefts with 
particles. This paper proposes that this distinct behavior with respect to multiple 
foci emerges as a consequence of the incremental growth of semantic structure 
within Dynamic Syntax; multiple foci are licensed when an underspecification 
for each item is resolved by each case particle. From this analysis also follows 
the partially case-specified foci and the so-called clause-mate condition.